Peter N. Peregrine (born November 29, 1963) is an American anthropologist, registered professional archaeologist, and academic. He is well known for his staunch defense of science in anthropology, and for his popular textbook Anthropology (with Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember). Peregrine did dissertation research on the evolution of the Mississippian culture of North America, and then did fieldwork on Bronze Age cities in Syria. He is currently Professor of Anthropology at Lawrence University and External Professor at the Santa Fe Institute.

Peregrine developed a comprehensive data set and methodology for conducting diachronic cross-cultural research. This work has produced the Atlas of Cultural Evolution[6] and the Encyclopedia of Prehistory (with Melvin Ember),[7] and also forms the basis for the Human Relations Area Files eHRAF Archaeology.[8] Peregrine has published extensively on the Mississippian culture and on archaeological method and theory.

Peregrine serves on the editorial boards of American Anthropologist, Cross-Cultural Research, and is past-president of the Society for Anthropological Sciences. In 2011 he was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.